Sorry not to have returned to this sooner, but I've been busy elsewhere. I'm going to have to take my time to read through all of the above in depth, but a few answers and reflections in the meantime ...

Leeneia, 'Llewelyn Alaw' would be his nom-de-plume. He was quite well known in his time and a major collector/notator of tunes, hence the 'alaw' which does means tune or melody. However, IIRC 'alaw' was a relatively modern word, at least for that concept, and earlier texts would have used the word 'cainc'. And, yes, people still use those names. I'm widely known as Sian Toronto, to the point that I get mail addressed that way. Neither was it my choice; it was assigned. But that's a long(ish) story. At one time, in my local, we had regulars: Dai Tractor, Dai Collier, Dai Dentist, Dai Scaffold and Dai Felin Wen. Just a sampling. No idea what their actual surnames are/were.

Re "Fy Ngariad (sic) Gweddus", the correct mutation should be Fy Nghariad but orthography, grammar, etc seemed to be less 'concrete' back then. The verses have a number of such 'variations from current norm'. 'Buoi' would today be 'bum i', 'bosyb' would be 'bosib', 'olyd' would be '(g)olud'. I just accept them as of their time.

Jack, I did see somewhere there was a way to note it was doric but I was about as stretched as I could manage at that point; when the C major worked, I just parked it there! I prefer yours; thanks for showing how.

I'm not too concerned about getting the words under the music as the Welsh tradition, for many tunes, is to have a freedom in matching the two according to your particular taste - which I think used to be common elsewhere too. The minute they're coupled in print, people think they're a set piece. Still, it's good to know how to do it. Your rendition is fine for the most part, although 'dyw', 'wraig' and '-trwch' (as in men-trwch) are one syllable. Can't remember if english language would allow for breaks in notation if not grammatically correct ... I have seen some breaks in old hymnals - often when the print technology has been poor - that make the sentences a real challenge to understand.

I really will read through all the above in depth. It's a pain that the converters and guides and all are just different enough to make it difficult for beginners like me. I wish someone would come up with a programme for sol-ffa as there is so much other stuff we could access ...

sian