I think it is the other way round. Harmonising has developed further in Major key. Chords which are now regarded as harmonies, such as the dominant 7th, were once regarded as discords. And you wouldn't put jazz chords to the type of tunes which were formerly written.

In fact, the invention of modern harmony was one reason why the other modes dropped out of use in all but folk music, which was predominantly melodic rather than harmonic.

The Major key has a 'leading note' a semitone below the tonic, which is missing in many of the modes, and is essential for a full cadence.

The 'natural' (modal) minor was modifed into the 'Harmonic' Minor by sharpening the 7th note as necessary for that reason.