A modest proposal--
If you think of the notes as numbers (1-7 in a major scale; 1 2 3b 4 5 6 7 in a minor scale etc. and the chords asm I IV V V7 etc. , than you can dispense with a lot of memorization and a lot of esoteric language.

You do have to learn the intervals in a scale, and he meaning of the little numbers that follow some chord numbers, but you duck the whole transposition confusion.

If you don't like numbers, there's always do re mi, but that system gets awkward rapidly for chords.