Responsibility for the Inner Harbor Navigation Canal is Federal.
This is the canal leaking again into the Ninth Ward of New Orleans and St. Bernard Parish. It is part of the Navigable Waters of the United States.

I became interested because changes to a drawbridge over the canal were published in the National Register (federal government). Also found was discussion of the construction of a controversial new lock on the canal, being built by the Corps of Engineers at a cost of 748 million. NO money was provided for flood control. The lock is a pork-barrel project of the Louisiana federal congressional delegation and the Corps of Engineers.

It takes a bit of searching because of the circuitous and gobbledegooked compilation of regulations, but see "Navigation and Navigable Waters, Title 33."
Three Federal Agencies are involved:
Department of Transportation
Corps of the Army Corps of Engineers
Coast Guard, Dept. of Homeland Security

Others marginally involved in arriving at decisions on this particular waterway, besides the federal government and the Congressional pork-barrellers, are the Port of New Orleans and the State of Louisiana. The City of New Orleans is at fault to the extent that they didn't holler loud enough for the Federal Government and Congress to take action on flood control long ago. There was some discussion of the possibility of jobs to the denizens of the Ninth Ward.

The indexes to sections of Title 33 may be searched for here (don't get lost- it's a morass):
http://ecfr.gpoaccess.gov/cgi/t/text-idx?sid=ff3f8550c6d45e5e8c101bd08678bf87&c=ecfr&tpl=/ecfrbrowse/Title33/33tab_02.tpl
Title 33 Navigation
(I hope that works)

A column on the construction of the lock is here:
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/09/07/AR2005090702462_pf.html"> Questionable Projects

The Port of New Orleans also seems to have been involved in pork-barrelling proposals.