Some African words have survived in the US for centuries. But African words did not have to have survived among people of African descent in the Americas {including the Caribbean} from the 17th century to date since Africans-both enslaved and free-came to the United States and the Caribbean from 1619 or earlier. And after slavery was abolished in the United States, and the Caribbean, Africans have continued to come to these nations. So It is therefore possible for traditional African words to have entered the English language at various times from the 17th century to date.

Here's some "English language" words that are attributed from a traditional African language:

"Among the many other African words adopted by white southerners and later assimilated into American culture are the following: bowdacious, bozo (stupid), cooter (turtle), goober (peanut), hullabaloo, hully-gully, juke(box), moola (money), pamper, Polly Wolly-Doodle, wow, uh-huh, unh-unh, daddy, buddy, tote, banjo, kola (as in Coca-Cola), elephant, gorilla, gumbo, okra, tater, and turnip.

...

The following is a selected glossary of words used by Americans that are derived from African terms or usage.

adobe Rooted in Twi (Akan) culture, where the same word means palm tree leaves or grass used for roof covering.

bad The use of a negative word to mean its opposite or to mean very good, used especially in the emphatic form baad, as in Michael Jackson's song "I'm baad!" Similar words are "mean," used to imply satisfying, fine, or attractive; "wicked", which means to be excellent or capable. This use of negative words to mean something extremely positive is rooted in similar Africanism, for example the Mandingo (Bambara) words a ka nyi ko-jugu, used to mean "it's very good!" (literally translated as "it is good badly!"), as well as the Mandingo (Gambia) words a nyinata jaw-ke, used to say "she is very beautiful!" Also, the West African English (Sierra Leone) words gud baad, which means "it's very good!"

bad-eye Threatening, hateful glance. A common African-American colloquialism. Rooted in the Mandingo word nyejugu to mean a hateful glance (literally giving one the "bad eye").

bad-mouth In Gullah, the word is used to mean slander, abuse, gossip. The Mandingo words da-jugu and the Hausa words mugum-baki have the same meanings, that is to slander or abuse.

bambi Derived from the Bantu word mubambi, meaning one who lies down in order to hide; specifically, it refers to the concealed position of an antelope fawn (as in Walt Disney's film Bambi).

bamboula African drum used in New Orleans during the 19th century. Also, a vigorous style of New Orleans dancing in the early 20th century. A "drum" in early jazz use. Derived from the African word bambula, which means to beat, hit or strike a surface, a drum.
banana Wolof word for fruit, was first recorded in 1563, and entered British English in the 17th century via Spanish and Portuguese.
banjo Kimbundu mbanza, which means a stringed musical instrument; also similar to the Jamaican English word banja and Brazilian Portuguese banza.

bogus Means deceit or fraud. Similar to West African and Caribbean English bo, ba, the Hausa words boko, boko-boko, which also mean deceit and fraud; the West African English word (Sierra Leone) bogo-bogo, and the Louisiana-French word bogue, which also means fake, fraudulent, and phony. The ending of the word "bogus" is part of the words hocus pocus.

booboo Derived from Bantu mbuku, meaning stupid, blundering act; error, blunder. Common nickname found in Black English "

Source:
http://slaveryinamerica.org/history/hs_es_languages.htm