That is exactly the point I was tryuing to make; when you get skilled at data analysis, you notice when your head-map is disjoint with the territory it maps, and develop an instinct for sniffing out where the disconnects are by acquiring the missing data or identfiying the false or distorted data you are using to build your map with.
But this is a skill or discipline that requires education.
Unfortunately very few teach it, so most folks acquire it from the School of Hardy Knocks.