I was adding another strand, namely "unknown unknowns" - stuff that people don't know they don't know, and where the kind of analyses you are rightly describing won't work.
What you're talking about will work in some situations and not others; that's my point.
And people can get to recognise disconnects as you say. Ir's what happens next that often matters.
many, instead of investigating further, researching further (no time, insufficient interest,et cetera), decide how to fill the gaps out of their assumptions, their common sense, their previous vast experience, their existing belief system.
And reach any number and type of weird and wonderful theories and beliefs. Which they, very simply, know are true.