"Brassica rapa Rapifera group (turnips) are closely related to Chinese cabbage and mustards. It is
a biennial but is cultivated as an annual. It seems to have originated in areas of Europe and
Siberia. It has been cultivated since ancient times. Turnips have a white or yellow fleshed root
generally with a flattened globe shape. The root is less dense than the rutabaga and lacks a neck.
It is also free of secondary roots which occur on the tap root of a rutabaga. The leaves are hairy
and without the wax of a rutabaga. Turnips are sometimes used for fresh or cooked greens.

Brassica napus Napobrassica group (rutabagas) are closely related to cole crops and were an
interspecies hybrid bred in Switzerland (summer turnip x winter white cabbage). The rutabaga
was introduced into England about the end of the 18th century and was called the turnip rooted
cabbage. Both white and yellow fleshed cultivars exist. The rutabaga root consists of both true
root and true stem. The upper portion of the stem forms a neck. This neck distinguishes rutabagas
from turnips. Rutabaga is a Norwegian term for a "Swede'' turnip.

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