Each of the words comes with a long explanation, Joerg. I opted for typing in the short definition and posting a bunch of words, rather than just a few. I think the book is still in print (hint, hint). Did you want the whole nine yards on Korinthenkacker? That might get us close to the definition, hey?
Are you saying we should all stick to our own languages and create new expressions in them to cover the missing concepts?
I see nothing wrong with English speakers transliterating a German word into English, but I also think it is fine to use the German language word. I like the way it makes people international. I enjoy hearing expressions in other languages woven into our speech. Works for me. If it doesn't work for you, don't do it.
English, German and Dutch are all germanic languages, so they have many words in common. In English, plunder (n.) means stolen goods or spoils of conquest, and the verb form means to rob or steal; pillage. Here the word comes across as "alliance/company of thieves."

I like the way you can string nowns together in German to make new, longer nouns. English doesn't do that.
Also, what makes a particular expression work is the way it sounds. "Attaccabottoni" sounds better to me than "buttonholer".
My mother always called that string that hangs off your cuff or hem a trolley-wagger, and I was grown up before I realized the word comes from that long electric connecting cable and bar on a trolley car -- the one that can be pulled down to disconnect the car from the overhead power lines. I don't know how the word translates into other languages, but I suspect it loses something.

Blessings,
Barbara