The cost of taking 1kg of glass back to the original seller must be less than taking the same 1kg to a recycling plant, to a bottle manufatcurere and then the new bottle to the seller. The hygiene and logistics are more to the point, but if bottles were standardised the process would be recycling plant -> sort and clean ->market to all sellers, with a (hopefully smaller) loop via remanufacture for damaged bottles. There has to be some incentive to keep the bottles intact- a deposit (compulsory) would cover this. I think the Pubic would swallow a deposit easier than a tax...

Though I'm not entirely sure bottles are the worst of our problems, as recycling them is more to avoid landfill than to conserve on raw materials and energy.