I can't help with the earliest usage but offer the following musings:
Preacher Swaggert called Rock 'n' Roll the divil's music but he was cousin to Jerry Lee Lewis so you could see why!
A book on Hurricane Mitch was called Devil Music so perhaps the most frightening natural sounds are really the devil's music.
There is another book called Chasin' that Devil Music about the blues with lots of stories of the early performers and an accompanying CD with lots of wonderfully obscure performers on it.
RtS (who'd rather listen to Jerry Lee or Robert Johnson than Swaggert or Ian Paisley any day!)