Janis Joplin is a good example. But, it doesn't require drinking or smoking to cause the raspy, low sound. One is born with a vocal range that depends on the size of your vocal folds, then if something damages those folds (shouting, forcing your voice, singing lower than the natural range, etc.) then you can a develop a raspy voice.

I don't think Peggy Lee had a whiskey voice, but her voice did have a warm quality.

Alice