Finding your own files should be easy. They will usually be in /home/username/. It can be even easier from the command line, eg. on my system, cd ~ will get to my home directory - far easier than Windows!. For GUI, dolphin (as well as other file managers) will take me straight there. I just have to click an Icon on the task bar at the bottom of the screen.

I'm not sure that as a "normal user" you usually (ie' unless following a "how to") need to know about the rest of the root directory structure on a Desktop Linux although knowing most configuration files are in /etc and most log files are in /var/log may be useful to know...