I agree in part. We have been throwing money at it and it hasn't worked. We know there is a wrong taking place, as you, Liz, Dave, gnu, ollaimh and others have repeatedly pointed out. As we saw, the various problems on this or that reserve change from one reserve to another. I don't know how many reserves there are in Canada; couldn't even guess. The ten or so I've been on at one time or other were as different as each new town one goes to. And the 'problems' in each are just not the same. In short, there is not a single or 'one size fits all' solution. But one thing I do know: Indians ain't stupid. There are some fine minds in the mix but altogether too many young people being tossed on the scrap heap because management is so screwed up. Yes, the 'residential school system' run mostly by Anglicans and Catholics was abhorrent. I think many of us could tell stories we heard from elders about the gut-wrenching breakup of family units, one result of which is the inability of too many children to communicate, except at the most fundamental level, with their grand parents. One speaks their language and the other has a shaky grasp on English or French. I do not pretend to have the answers, but I do know I can be part of the solution by forcing my government to treat in good faith. This heavy-handed and illegal crap forced through by the Conservatives in C-38 and C-45 is disgusting legislation. I may not be my brother's keeper, but goddammit we share the same canoe, and let there be no mistake about that. Many Indian people have pointed out that these Bills are detrimental to ALL of us. This country should NOT be for sale to the fucking oil companies, the Chinese, De Beers. This place does NOT belong to us to sell. We keep it for our kids and their kids. We have found a clear path to screw up the most beautiful country in the world, bar none. We need to slam the door on that kind of thinking, or our children will slam the door on their memories of us. I can't say I'd blame them.