By the way, the Japanese sure as hell didn't think they could attack Pearl Harbour without consequences! They expected to take considerably heavier losses than they did that day, and they knew it would plunge them into a war they were quite likely to lose in the long run. They simply didn't think they had any other choice than to fight the USA after the trade embargo was in place, so they came up with the best initial attack plan they could. War had become inevitable for the USA and Japan, just as Roosevelt knew it would be. He needed that war, not because of Japan, but because he felt he HAD to confront Germany before they conquered all of Europe, and the only way to get the USA public and Congress onside FOR a war in 1941 was to get someone else to start it by attacking and killing Americans. That someone was the Japanese. He pushed them into the corner, and they did the inevitable. And that got him his war with Germany...even quicker than he'd hoped...because Hitler declared war on the USA within a day or so of Pearl Harbour. That solved Roosevelt's problem with Congress perfectly...and it had to be Hitler's second dumbest move, after invading Russia.