I think I'd say that the Popes were primarily political figures until the loss of the Papal States in 1870. Especially during the Renaissance, they were members of the wealthiest families of Europe. They had little interest in theology or doctrine, although there was some emphasis by the Church in actual religion after the Council of Trent (1545-1564). Actual religious practices and faith existed in local parish churches, but certainly not in the leadership of the Church.
Henry VIII was very proud to bear the title Defender of the Faith, and most likely was every bit as pious as the Pope was. But there was very little religion in religion back then.

-Joe-