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The suitability of the Electoral College system is a matter of ongoing debate. Supporters argue that it is fundamental to American federalism, that increases the political influence of small states by the "plus two" Senate count over the number of state Representatives. The geographic dimension of the Electoral College requires candidates to appeal to voters outside large cities. Parties must form national coalitions with moderating appeals, contributing to stability of the two-party system.[6] Presently, a decisive choice for president is made without the challenges and recounts in every state that would follow a nationwide popular vote.[7]

Critics argue that the Electoral College is less democratic than a national direct popular vote and is subject to manipulation because of faithless electors.[8][9] Opponents argue that the system is antithetical to a democracy that strives for a standard of "one person, one vote" because it can thwart a presidential choice by the voters with a national majority.[10] There can be elections where one candidate wins the popular vote but another wins the electoral vote, as in the 2000 election and 2016 election.[11] Individual citizens in less populated states with 5% of the Electoral College, have proportionately more voting power than those in more populous states,[12] and candidates can win by focusing their resources on just a few “swing states”.