Collections of secular Negro folk rhymes (White, Talley, Odum, etc.) are full of material the Negroes obtained from blackface minstrels. Songs such as Jim Along Josie, Kemo Kimo and Jim Crow quickly entered Negro folk music from the minstrel source. The shipboard vignette provided by Masato is an important illustration of this fact.

Did some of the rhymes, which are used over and over in several different songs (Jaybird, animals with (w)hooping cough, way up yonder, etc.) originate with blacks? Possible, but almost impossible to document because they were not collected until late. When collectors became active, after the Civil War, attention focused on the spiritual songs. The large body of secular songs and dances were ignored until after 1900. By then, it was too late to be certain of origins.
The many sources checked by Dena Epstein for her work on pre-Civil War Negro music ("Sinful Tunes and Spirituals") turned up very little. Interviews for the Slave Narrative may contain some information on the party songs, but too few of the interviewers were interested in music. There are tantalizing remarks in the few I looked at. The former slave will say something like "We used to sing a song about..." but the interviewer will push on to another topic. One of the few was found by Katlaughing (Go tell Aunt Rhoda variant).

One interesting verse in Epstein:

Hurra for good ole Massa,
He give me de pass to go to the city.
Hurra for good ole Missus,
She bile de pot and gie me de licker.
Hurra, I'm goin' to de city.

If there was a minstrel troupe in town, slaves on a pass would pick up the songs and make them their own. As pre-Civil War references show, the slaves were sometimes made to sing and entertain the master and his guests. Unfortunately, there are very few references to song content.
Slaves from different plantations would meet briefly and pass on all sorts of information while carrying out tasks for the master (freighting supplies, taking produce and materials to the mills, etc.). Songs and jokes would certainly be included in the gossip.