Doerflinger says:
"Simplest and probably most primitive in form are the so-called 'short haul" or "short-drag" shanties. they were used for hauling jobs that took, as one good shantyman put it, 'only a few pulls, but they had to be good ones!""

of the examples he gives - the one I know best is "Haul away Joe"

regarding Halyard shanties:

"Most halyard or "long-drag" shanties had four-line stanzas with alternating solo and chorus lines, but a study...shows that other forms were common."

Doerflinger discusses Capstan, windlass and pump shanties as a single class:

"Capstan shanties, as a class, were rather more elaborate than others,...some, however, had only the four line stanzas common in halyard shanties, while sometimes there was no short refrain, the shantyman singing two lines before each long chorus.Capstan shanties had a fine, marching swing, but they were sung at a moderate pace suited to the labor..."