Way, way back in grade school we used to march into (Catholic) school to the strains of "American Patrol." I seem to remember that we also exited to that during fire drills. I was going to write "I doubt that it was used during the late 19th or early 20th Century" but I would be wrong -- from the website of Georgia Southern University:

American Patrol. Music by F. W. Meacham. Copyright 1885 by F. W. Meacham, 1914 by Joe Morris Music Co.

This tune was very popular before World War I - the first recording was a 2-minute Edison cylinder in 1903 - but retained popularity during both World Wars, the version by Glenn Miller and his orchestra being especially significant. F. W. Meacham usually worked as arranger rather than composer, for Victor Herbert musicals and Stephen Foster songs.

Since there was an Edison cylinder as early as 1903 I can see schools using it, dragging the player out into the hall. But as for be sure of this...no, I'm not.