The Mudcat Café TM
Thread #62177 Message #1004108
Posted By: Bill D
18-Aug-03 - 01:03 PM
Thread Name: 'Arctophile' -- Who knew?
Subject: RE: 'Arctophile' -- Who knew?
just by coincidence, this cam in Michael Quinions newsletter recently
Weird Words: Apocope /@'pQk@pi:/ ------------------------------------------------------------------- Leaving out the last letter, syllable, or part of a word.
When you hear about the "huntin', shootin', fishin'" aristocracy of eighteenth-century Britain, the speakers are committing apocope. In the same way, when you talk about "mag" instead of magazine, "fab" when you mean fabulous, or "cred" for credibility, these are all apocopic cases.
Perhaps it's our rush-hurry-urgent age, but it seems that such energetic abbreviations are becoming more common, not merely with students who produce slangy in-terms such as "psych", "chem" and "maths" ("math" in the US). "Apocope" comes from the Greek word "apokoptein", to cut off, made up of "apo-", from or away, plus "koptein", to cut.
Incidentally, if you instead cut the sound off the start of a word, the right name is "aphesis" (an example being "squire", an aphetic form of "esquire"); if you drop sounds in the middle (for which the classic - and extreme - example is "fo'c's'le" for the crews' quarters on board ship, in full "forecastle"), the process is called "syncope".
(that was folllowed this week by this!! "APOCOPE I walked into a minefield of definition while trying to explain this word last week. If you check various dictionaries, you find that some give much the definition I supplied ("leaving out the last letter, syllable, or part of a word") while others have a more restrictive meaning ("omission of the final sound or sounds of a word"). This is a subtle but significant difference.
Linguists prefer to restrict this word to situations in which one or more sounds (technically, phonemes) are lost from the end of a word. Spelling differences or changes in pronunciation don't count. As Professor Larry Horn pointed out, the definition I quoted would allow "catalog" to be an apocopic form of "catalogue", which he is sure it isn't - the loss of the final letters is to him irrelevant, because they're not pronounced. Other linguist subscribers have similarly argued that words such as "huntin'" (an example I used) cannot be apocope, since the missing last letter signals a change in the value of the final sound, not its loss.
The problem for mere interpreters of language such as myself is that some reference works take a wider view that includes this sort of abbreviation. I place in evidence, as one example, The Columbia Guide to Standard American English of 1983: "Common examples in American English are singin', dancin', and raisin' cain". "