Jerry, as a student years ago in Austin, we used to sit in the beer garten outside Saangerrunde (sp?) Hall and listen to the local Sangerbund (Texas State group united nine districts in 1853, one extending to the Mexican border). German is still heard in New Braunfels, Fredericksburg, and other towns.

The major colony in central Texas was brought in under the auspices of Prince Carl von Solms-Braunfels starting in the 1840s. These were not poor immigrants; they had money and experts in geology and agriculture. Most came in the 1850s and just after the Civil War. Their descendants were and are still important in Texas. There was a German-English school in San Antonio and German and English were taught together at a number of schools in Central Texas (at least as late as the 1950s to my knowledge). The Turnverein Movement had established in Galveston, Houston, San Antonio and New Braunfels and other towns and cities in the 1850s, some chapters are still operating.