Catawampous (OED spelling), catawampus- The OED also agrees with ClaireBear's posting. Again, 19th c. in print, but dialectical words are not easy to date. The earliest printed use is 1840; also in a story by Bulwar Lytton in Blackwood's Magazine, 1850s.

Catawampus, rather than catawampous, seems to be the earlier spelling when applied to an animal. First found in print in 1843.