Probably "Old John Brown" (1849) [at Levy] is the earliest printed edition with text & tune.

Title: Songs & Glees of the Gibson Troupe. Old John Brown. Solo and Chorus.
Composer, Lyricist, Arranger: Arranged by J. Gibson.
Publication: Boston: Oliver Ditson, No. 115 Washington St., 1849.
Form of Composition: strophic with chorus
Instrumentation: piano and voice
First Line: Old John Brown had a little Ingin, Old John Brown had a little Ingin
First Line of Chorus: Old John Brown had a little Ingin, Old John Brown had a little Ingin
Performer: [the Gibson Troupe]