RR, one way scholars look at the Book is Form Criticism-- what type of literature is a passage or whole book, and what are the implications to meaning and significance in light of that form.

Another is Source Criticism-- studying./commenting on who actually wrote what according to the best historic evidence.

Then as I mentioned previously there's Hermeneutics-- looking at a passage in light of the cultural context.

There are lots of other ways people look at Scripture, beyond the read-and-swallow method so many people assume is the norm.

~S~