Guest Dunce: the operative misused word is "commonplace"- inappropriate & misleading for these very expensive, one-off multiple-barrel firearms in either the U.S. or Germany in 1850. Also, I believe your "source" is incorrect in his/her date attribution for this particular piece- what IS your source?

it would be more helpful if you would take the trouble to correct any misinformation here

Sorry, Amos, but there aren't enough hours in the day for me to do that, helpful tho it might be to some.

The answers to the questions originally posed are NOT simple ones, require assimilating a LOT of information to be answered correctly and completely, and reliable info is not generally available on-line. When I see crap posted, I'll say so.

I attempted to point folks in the right direction with the book recommendations made, above, and that's about all I CAN realistically do. Rest is up to the person/people looking for the information to do the work to get it.

The truth will set you free ...... but it won't necessarily make you happy.

Best,

Greg

PS you may find

Blackmore, Howard L: British military firearms, 1650-18501961

useful as well.