I definately call them jeans. Since I got to the UK I've been attempting to remember trousers instead of pants, because you get such funny looks when you start talking about your pants. Or other people's pants. I've also heard pants that are too short called high waters.

The style now is to have your pants as long as you possibly can without ruining them by walking on them. To this end a guy was showing me how he had attached snaps to the backs of his shoes and the bottoms of his jeans and he could snap them together so that they exactly brushed the floor without actually getting stepped on. I also saw someone who had a new pair of jeans that pre came with the cuffs worn out like they'd been dragging on the ground. Like buying jeans with holes in them. My cuffs always get worn out but that's just because I'm short and too lazy to hem them usually.

As for capris and pedal pushers, I think when a style comes around again it often gets a new name. A few years ago the style was for jeans called flares, which looked the same as what used to be called bell bottoms. I heard people calling them bell bottoms, but the companies always referred to them as flares.