from another article:

But the continuing emphasis on viewing transference as a distorted or inappropriate reaction, a displacement of something from the past, has required the introduction of a number of other concepts to account for the patient's ability to react to the realities of the treatment situation-- to accept, for example, that the analyst's silence is a technical part of the procedure rather than a deprivation aimed specifically at the patient and designed to hurt or punish him, or to recognize after a while that the analyst does value him even if he does not give overt reassurances. Such concepts as the "therapeutic alliance," the "working alliance," and the "real relationship" are designed to address these aspects of what occurs during the course of an analysis (Greenson, 1965, 1971; Greenson & Wexler, 1969; Zetzel, 1956).