"Came ye o'er from France" is in James Hogg's 'Jacobite Relics', I, p. 87, 1819 (available as reprint from AMS Press). In his notes Hogg identified a few of the characters, but admitted he couldn't figure out all of them, so you are not alone.

Ewan MacColl sang it on Folkways FW 8756 (re-released in Great Britain on a different label), and in the notes on the accompanying brochure most of the Scots vernacular is translated.