In answer to "Just Looking's" question, it appears that a total of 154 Canadians were transported to Australia following their involvement in the political uprisings in Upper Canada (now Ontario) and Lower Canada (now Quebec) in 1837-38. Most returned to Canada after serving their sentences.

Canada in Australia.

I have no idea if any Americans were ever transported to Australia. Perhaps some of those who were involved in America's failed attempts to invade Canada wound up there. Bob Bolton might know.