Windplayer magazine reported that in 1995, archaeologists in Slovenia on a routine dig unexpectedly unearthed the oldest musical instrument ever found—a flute carved by a Neanderthal sometime between 43,000 and 80,000 years ago from the thighbone of a now-extinct cave bear. When the location of its tone holes was analyzed, it became apparent that the prehistoric flute was designed to play a diatonic scale, the same do-re-mi progression that we know from Western music.