I extensively researched the Lady Juliana's trip to Botany Bay for my song 'The Floating Brothel'.
That was the first ship to take exclusively female prisoners over to the newly established colony.
The book of the same name (by Sian Rees) is comprehensive in its detail (Sian being a descendant of one of the ladies taken on that trip and one ofher sources being the log and memoirs of one of the crew.
It cites the main stop-off ports (after a few around the Enlish coast picking up prisoners, as Tenerife, Cape Verde, Recife, Rio then Capetown afore heading east for Oz.
Barry Finn up above has it spot on - for this trip, ships followed the trade winds and rounded just the one Cape.
all the best - Duncan
(lyric/song can be found on http://www.duncanmcfarlane.co.uk by the way)