Part-whites- intermarrieds- also barred.
It is the right of every Indian nation to determine who is a member of the nation and who is not. Allowing intermarrieds and freedmen membership (with their many descendants) would destroy the nation.

Marilyn Vann, a spokesman for the few freedmen who have claimed rights, threatens federal court action. If successful, this could threaten the right of any native group to determine its membership.