The US would first have to have a Department of Social Services, which it does not.

There is clearly a moral obligation to care for those who truly have an ongoing illness because of 9/11, but where the legal liability for health care and compensation for disabilities lies is an interesting question. The Federal government is likely NOT the place. The World Trade Center is in New York City, which is where the property owners paid real estate taxes, and these taxes pay for the health insurance programs of city employees. The employers of both the individuals who worked there and of the rescue workers presumably paid into the Workers Compensation program of New York State, which would be liable for payment for both temporary and permanent disabilities. Information on filing those claims is discussed here .