The San Remo[1] Conference was an international meeting of the post-World War I Allied Supreme Council, held in Sanremo, Italy, from 19 to 26 April 1920. It was attended by the four Principal Allied Powers of World War I who were represented by the Prime Ministers of Britain (David Lloyd George), France (Alexandre Millerand) and Italy (Francesco Nitti) and by the Ambassador of Japan (K. Matsui).
It determined the allocation of Class "A" League of Nations mandates for administration of the former Ottoman-ruled lands of the Middle East.
The decisions of the conference mainly confirmed those of the First Conference of London (February 1920), and broadly reaffirmed the terms of the Anglo-French Sykes-Picot Agreement of 16 May 1916 for the region's partition and the Balfour Declaration of 2 November 1917. Britain received the mandate for Palestine and Iraq, while France gained control of Syria including present-day Lebanon.
The San Remo Resolution adopted on 25 April 1920 incorporated the Balfour Declaration of 1917[2] and Article 22 of the Covenant of the League of Nations. It was the basic document upon which the Mandate for Palestine was constructed.
The Resolution was a binding agreement between these Powers. The precise boundaries of all territories were left unspecified, to "be determined by the Principal Allied Powers"[3] and were not completely finalized until four years later. The conference's decisions were embodied in the stillborn Treaty of Sèvres (Section VII, Art 94-97). As Turkey rejected this treaty, the conference's decisions were only finally confirmed by the Council of the League of Nations on 24 July 1922 and the 1923 Treaty of Lausanne.



The Treaty of Sèvres was the peace treaty that the Allies of World War I, not including the United States, and the Ottoman Empire signed on 10 August 1920 after World War I. Representatives from the governments of the parties involved signed the treaty in Sèvres, France.[1], which ceded territory to Greece, a wider Armenia and also provided for a possibly independent Kurdistan. Ýstanbul and other parts of Turkey were occupied by several Allied powers.
The treaty had four signatories on behalf of the Ottoman government. The treaty was not sent to Ottoman Parliament for ratification, as that body was adjourned on February 12, 1920 and abolished on March 18, 1920. It was endorsed by Sultan Mehmed VI but vigourously rejected by the Turkish national movement under Mustafa Kemal Pasha, who successfully fought the Turkish War of Independence and forced the former wartime Allies to return to the negotiating table. The parties signed and ratified the superseding Treaty of Lausanne in 1923.
The Democratic Republic of Armenia (Wilsonian Armenia) and the Kingdom of Hejaz were to be granted independence. A Kurdistan region was scheduled to have a referendum to decide its fate, which, according to Section III Articles 62–64, was to include the Mosul Province.
The United Kingdom was to acquire Iraq and Palestine, which were later assigned again under League of Nations Mandates.
France acquired Lebanon and an enlarged Syria, which were later assigned again under League of Nations Mandate.
Greece: The armistice of Mudros, followed by the occupation of Izmir, established Greek rule in those areas on May 21, 1919. This was followed by the declaration of a protectorate on July 30, 1922. The treaty assigned the key port of Ýzmir (Smyrna) to Greece, along with most of Eastern Thrace and a part of Western Anatolia.
The Treaty of Sèvres was vigorously rejected by the Turkish national movement. Led by Mustafa Kemal Pasha, they split with the monarchy based in Constantinople, it set up a rival government based in Ankara. In course of the Turkish War of Independence, they successfully resisted Greek, Armenian and French forces and secured a territory similar to that of present-day Turkey.
The Turkish national movement developed its own international relations by the Treaty of Moscow with the Soviet Union on 16 March 1921, the Accord of Ankara with France putting an end to the Franco-Turkish War, and the Treaty of Alexandropol and the Treaty of Kars fixing the eastern borders.
These events forced the former Allies of World War I to return back to the negotiating table with the Turks and in 1923 negotiate the Treaty of Lausanne, which replaced the Treaty of Sèvres and recovered large territory in Anatolia and Thrace for the Turks.

Negotiations performed during Conference of Lausanne which Ýsmet Ýnönü was the lead negotiator for Turkey and Eleftherios Venizelos was his Greek counterpart. Negotiations took many months. On October 20, 1922 the peace conference was reopened, and after strenuous debates, it was once again interrupted by Turkish protest on February 4, 1923. After reopening on April 23, and more protest by Kemal's government, the treaty was signed on July 24 after eight months of arduous negotiation by allies such as US Admiral Mark L. Bristol, who served as United States High Commissioner and championed Turkish efforts.
The Treaty of Lausanne (July 24, 1923) was a peace treaty signed in Lausanne that settled the Anatolian part of the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire by annulment of the Treaty of Sèvres signed by the Ottoman Empire as the consequences of the Turkish Independence War between Allies of World War I and Grand National Assembly of Turkey (Turkish national movement).


After the expulsion of the Greek forces by the Turkish army under the command of Mustafa Kemal (later Kemal Atatürk), the newly-founded Turkish government rejected the recently signed Treaty of Sèvres.