The Know Nothings version of "Few Days," posted above (K. N., arr. S. G. A) appeared in the "Golden Wreath", 1857 edition, pp. 214-215, no attribution, Oliver Ditson & Co., Boston.
It also appeared in a song sheet sold by Berry & Gordon, NY (copy at American Memory).
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The following was posted earlier by Charley Noble, but with some 'confusions.' Here it is re-posted from an unattributed song sheet, with some comments.

FEW DAYS NO. 2
(Song sheet, no date, no author)

1
The world is coming to an end, few days- few days
I'll crack my shins, my jackt rend- I'm *gwine home!
I'm gwine to run clear out of sight, few days- few days;
And leave these naughty **diggins quite; I'm gwine home!

Chorus:
For I've got a home out yonder, few days- few days!
I've got a home out yonder, in old Tennessee.
And I can't stay in these diggins, few days- few days!
Can't stay in these duggins, I'm gwine home.

2
They tell about Maine Liquor Law, few days- few days;
It makes the folks get drunk the more; I'm gwine home.
Nebraska's gwine to be a state, few days- few days;
Cuba too will come in late; I'm gwine home.

Chorus-

3
Everything is done by steam, few days- few days;
Leather taffy, chalk ice-cream- I'm gwine home.
Boys wear beards, and women too, few days- few days;
Though all things change there's nothing new; I'm gwine home.

Chorus-

4
The Shanghai fowls, how tall they grow, few days- few days;
That people cannot hear them crow; I'm gwine home.
When guano's put on gudgeons' tails, few days- few days;
They grow to be as big as whales; I'm gwine home.

Chorus-

5
There's sin and folly everywhere, few days- few days;
Enough to make old Satan stare; I'm gwine home.
I'll sing my parting song once more, few days- few days;
And then I'll pass o'er Jordan's shore; I'm gwine home.

Chorus-

Late 1850s, when the Kansas-Nebraska Act helped to rend the country asunder. The Civil war was fast approaching; and non-English-speaking immigrants were getting bashed verbally, if not literally.

*gwine- Dialect, common on the Isle of Wight and in Sussex, and was known elsewhere in England. See "Tom Cladpole's Jurney," by R. Lower, 1871, an expert in Sussex dialect. Often assumed to be Negro slave dialect, but probably learned from sailors and country Englishmen who supervised their labors. Cladpole verses recited or sung at Horsham, and at the Causeway. "Cladpole's Jurney to Lunnon" is some 150 verses; apparently some 20,000 copies were sold in Sussex.

**Diggings as slang for home, farm or place where one slept or lived, is known from 1826 in print, and in this song has nothing to do with mining.