Foolstroupe is correct, the yeasts are entirely different. Ale is not beer and v. v.
Stout is an ale, but dark roasted malts are used.

Lager and Pilsen lager are both beer, but the flavor may be very different. A good pilsen is made with Saaz hops (from Czech Republic).

I haven't had a good cider for years. In Illinois, we would get gallon jugs of untreated cider from the University farm and slow ferment it. If it went too far, it became vinegary in taste, but it rarely was permitted to reach that stage.