Chicken on a Raft = Fried Egg on Toast
Jimmy = Jimmy-the-One = 1st lieutenant
Comic Cuts = Orders (possibly QR&AI ?), (originally WWI British Army jargon for Divisional Orders)
Dabtoes = seamen (not specialist ratings)
Dustmen = Engine Room specialist ratings (originally stokers)
middle, forenoon = watches
Whalin' crew = Whaler's Crew / Whaler = Ship's boat
pusser = purser

(Donny-B I'm not sure about)

AndyG