Also don't forget that a large slice of the population of America in the mid 19thc were immigrants mainly from Europe and these would have sung their indigenous songs in the home and have brought with them their indigenous instruments. The flutinas were mainly from France I believe and Germany would have supplied the cheaper end of anglo concertinas. There would have been plenty of fiddles and even those home-made fiddles, apart from the instruments that developed in America like the banjo and Appalachian dulcimer. Whole singing traditions were imported and established in ghettos such as the Sheffield carol singing traditions that ended up in Flat Rock?