The Middle Classes were the result of the enterprise of the entrepreneurs of the day. Without these visionaries, large enterprises would not have evolved to hire on a large scale, and labor never would have gained the unity and where-with-all with which to form unions and voice their demands.

Mass education, as John MacKenzie posts, also made a large contribution, as the builders found that a workforce that could read and write was necessary for more complex tasks and growth of their businesses.