"...virtually every black American (including those who, like Obama, have no known US slave ancestors as well as those all of whose ancestors in the 1850s were slaves in the US, as well as those more than half of whose 1860 ancestors were white, have profited in many ways from the indentured servitude of the United States' slaves of African origin." Haruo

I have a lot of trouble accepting that statement at face value, Haruo. True enough that - most - of those African folks survived physically in the 'new' world. However, deprived of family and friends and history and language and the right to make their own future on their own terms in their own homeland as EVERY slave wrested from Africa was, how can you or anyone say that they "have profited in many ways" from their enslaved state?

Frankly, I don't think that any 'white' person has a right to make that determination.

Reminds me sorely of Barbara Bush talking about "how well it was working out" for some of the Lousiana folks crammed into the stadiums when they were displaced by Katrina and Rita, people who in many cases didn't even know if their friends and kinfolk had survived. Or like the Senator who said to the two little boys, "Admit it- isn't this kind of fun?"

As for it frequently being Black African people who captured other Blacks to sell into slavery - I suspect that the demand was there before the supply was proffered. Or do you perhaps not believe that Europeans did NOT show up on African shors and offer top dollar for every Black captive they presented?