Brief scanning of my index yields several songs about disasters and a few about ecology and some just about weather:
Galveston Flood (Wasn't That a Mighty Time/Storm)
Johnstown Flood
Cyclone at Rycove as sung by the Carter Family
Open the Window, Noah
Three Score and Ten
Connecticut Twister
The Blizzard, by Harlan Howard
White Squall, by Stan Rogers
Bushfire, Eric Bogle
If I Knew Then (Last Days of Pompeii)
Drought Is Like A Fever
Forty Below
Coldest Winter in Living Memory
Goodbye to a River, Bok/Muir/Trickett
Panhandle Wind
I've Been in the Storm So Long (Bernice Johnson Reagan)
John Cook
The Rain Comes Down on Everyone
Run Come See Jerusalem
The Great Storm Is Over
Weather the Storm
Waiting For Rain
Dust Bowl Refugee, Woody Guthrie
Dust Bowl Children, Peter Rowan
Ready for the Storm
Sarah, There's a Storm
When He Sets the World on Fire
There are many songs about shipwrecks caused by storm
Coal mine disaster songs are partly natural and partly man-made
There's a thread on the forum - Natural Disasters and Tragedies in Song and many other songs scattered through the Mudcat