Since there's more deer on the East Coast U.S. today than when the Pilgrims arrived, it's not a case of nasty humans forcing them out of their preferred habitat. Our backyards are creating a great habitat for them. And there's no co-existence possible. They will eat everything, all of it!!

I'm with Bobert. Liquid Fence works, but it's pricey and tedious for a large area. A variation I'm experimenting with is a ribbon fence, run about deer-nose height around my acre property, and sprayed with Liquid Fence monthly. Best I've found so far, including an electric fence.

Google Plot-Saver for info.

Good luck!

T.J.