I'm sure that many references to "black" in European folk songs, children's rhymes, and folk sayings, refer to hair color. However, there's no denying the old references in European culture that also exists that referenced black skin color and not black hair color.

In my opinion, the belief that white is good and black is evil, led to attitudes such as this poem by William Blake that was written in 1789 (though I grant you that for his day, Blake was probably far more enlightened with regard to race than many of his peers).


THE LITTLE BLACK BOY (from the book "Songs of Innocence")

My mother bore me in the southern wild,
And I am black, but oh! my soul is white.
White as an angel is the English child,
But I am black as if bereaved of light.

My mother taught me underneath a tree,
And, sitting down before the heat of day,
She took me on her lap and kissed me,
And pointing to the east began to say:

"Look on the rising sun, -there God does live
And gives his light, and gives his heat away;
And flowers and trees and beasts and men receive
Comfort in morning, joy in the noonday.

And we are put on earth a little space
That we may learn to bear the beams of love;
And these black bodies and this sunburnt face
Is but a cloud, and like a shady grove.

For when our souls have learned the heat to bear
The cloud will vanish, we shall hear his voice
Saying: `Come out from the grove, my love and care,
And round my golden tent like lambs rejoice!' "

Thus did my mother say, and kissed me;
And thus I say to little English boy:
When I from black and he from white cloud free,
And round the tent of God like lambs we joy,

I'll shade him from the heat till he can bear
To lean in joy upon our father's knee;
And then I'll stand and stroke his silver hair,
And be like him, and he will then love me.

http://www.online-literature.com/blake/629/