Guest,leeneia said," but I've never encountered a name for a chord progression."

Chord progressions are often given names that refer to their origin.
a "Blues progression" is the most common. "Rhythm changes" refers to the chord progression for "I've Got Rhythm". There is also a progression called the "We Want Cantor progression". Many bluegrassers refer to the "Salty Dog progression".
Some progressions are described with roman numerals, not really a name for a progression, but a description of a common progression.
eg I,vi,IV,V.