Iran (digression)
1795, Agha Muhammed Khan consolidated the country and was named 'shah'. In the 19th c., foreign countries, mainly Britain, took over most of Persia's economic resources. The Qujar dynasty continued until 1925, although there were many revolts.
The Pahlevi family were shahs until 1979. Much British influence before WW2. In 1941 came occupation by Russian, and British and Indian forces.
The mess since then is pretty well known.