A second similar event over the interior of Russia(?) has been reported, with videocam pictures. Both are officially attributed to missile launches from submarines. Initial speculation was that they were test launches, but they may have been just training exercises(?).
Quite obviously, a continuous stream of ejecta from a rotating object will appear as "spirals." The persistence indicated might indicate an aerosol from a perforated fuel or other liquid tank, although the missiles claimed to be responsible are reportedly a "multiple warhead" kind.
Independently targeted (after release) warheads might be designed to "hang" until targets are identified and locked in.(?) The spirals might also be "chaff" intended to conceal a smaller number of discrete warheads(?).
Official reports indicate "third stage rocket failures" but without knowing the purpose and details of the launches that could be an honest admission, a cover story for an intentional destruct, or an obfuscation of the intent of a "terminal event" under test.