1. We call 'em "potatoes" here in the midwest. As in, "How do we start this tune, with four potatoes?" The rhythm is an eighth note, followed by two sixteenth notes, creating a dum, dah-dah, dum, dah-dah sound.

2. Double stops are when the fiddler plays two notes all at once, each on an adjacent string.

3. Around here, (in the midwest again) the words "breakdown" and "hoedown" are synonymous. They are quick 2/4 tunes played for either contra dancing, or square dancing. Jigs are in 6/8. Polkas have a different feeling to them, but are in 2/4, also. Then to make matters more confusing, there are hoedowns that use the word "hornpipe" in their titles, for example "Marmaduke's Hornpipe". It is not a hornpipe at all, but a hoedown. And some folks say it is the Missouri National Anthem.