Tha mi a Dun Eideann (anglicized as Dunedin) with Gaelic Dun and Germanic Burgh being interchangeable historically. Originally the British used the same form of the name, but later replaced 'din' with 'caer' which is usually the equivalent of chester (cester, caster etc).

In the west, Norse kirk and Gaelic kil were interchangeable until modern times.