Australia's Aboriginal culture represents one of the oldest surviving cultures in the world, with the use of stone tool technology and painting with red ochre pigment dating back over 60,000 years.

Before Galileo, the Yolngu people in the Northern Territory knew that the earth was in space and the sun moved around it, or appeared to move around it. They also had a recognition of how the moon moved, how it's linked to tides; and had names for Orion,Venus, and other stars, the Milky Way and constellations. This information is sourced from the Emu Dreaming site that I linked to earlier in this thread.

As most information has been handed down orally and through rock art, the Wurdi Youang stone circle is one of the few indicators we have of ancient Aboriginal astronomical knowledge in Australia.